鎳
28
Ni
族
10
週期
4
區
d
個質子
電子
個中子
28
28
31
一般屬性
原子序數
28
標準原子質量
58.6934
品質編號
59
類別
過渡金屬
顏色
灰色
放射性
否
德文“撒旦”從尼克爾銅礦開採的“老尼克的銅”
晶體結構
面居中立方
歷史
Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
每個外殼的電子
2, 8, 16, 2
電子排布
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Nickel is 100 times more concentrated below Earth's crust than in it
物理性質
物態
固體
密度
8.912 g/cm3
熔點
1728.15 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F
沸點
3186.15 K | 2913 °C | 5275.4 °F
熔化熱
17.2 kJ/mol
汽化熱
378 kJ/mol
比熱容
0.444 J/g·K
地殼豐度
0.0089%
宇宙豐度
0.006%
CAS 編號
7440-02-0
Pubchem CID 編號
935
原子性質
原子半徑
124 pm
共價半徑
124 pm
電負性
1.91 (鲍林标度)
電離電位
7.6398 eV
原子體積
6.59 cm3/mol
熱導率
0.907 W/cm·K
氧化態
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
應用
Nickel is used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic
同位素
穩定同位素
58Ni, 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni, 64Ni不穩定同位素
48Ni, 49Ni, 50Ni, 51Ni, 52Ni, 53Ni, 54Ni, 55Ni, 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni, 63Ni, 65Ni, 66Ni, 67Ni, 68Ni, 69Ni, 70Ni, 71Ni, 72Ni, 73Ni, 74Ni, 75Ni, 76Ni, 77Ni, 78Ni