氧
8
O
族
16
週期
2
區
p
個質子
電子
個中子
8
8
8
一般屬性
原子序數
8
標準原子質量
15.9994
品質編號
16
類別
非金屬
顏色
無色
放射性
否
希臘文“酸素”
晶體結構
以基中心單核
歷史
Carl Wilhelm Scheele obtained oxygen by heating mercuric oxide and nitrates in 1771, but did not publish his findings until 1777.
Joseph Priestley also prepared this new air by 1774.
The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.
Joseph Priestley also prepared this new air by 1774.
The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.
每個外殼的電子
2, 6
電子排布
[He] 2s2 2p4
Green and red colors in the Aurora Borealis are caused by oxygen atoms
物理性質
物態
氣體
密度
0.001429 g/cm3
熔點
54.36 K | -218.79 °C | -361.82 °F
沸點
90.2 K | -182.95 °C | -297.31 °F
熔化熱
0.222 kJ/mol
汽化熱
3.41 kJ/mol
比熱容
0.918 J/g·K
地殼豐度
46%
宇宙豐度
1%
CAS 編號
7782-44-7
Pubchem CID 編號
977
原子性質
原子半徑
48 pm
共價半徑
66 pm
電負性
3.44 (鲍林标度)
電離電位
13.6181 eV
原子體積
14.0 cm3/mol
熱導率
0.0002674 W/cm·K
氧化態
-2, -1, 1, 2
應用
Pure oxygen is frequently used to help breathing in patients with respiratory ailments.
Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, as an oxidant for rocket fuel, and in methanol and ethylene oxide production.
It is also used in the production of steel, plastics and textiles.
Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration.
Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, as an oxidant for rocket fuel, and in methanol and ethylene oxide production.
It is also used in the production of steel, plastics and textiles.
Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration.
Oxygen gas can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems
同位素
穩定同位素
16O, 17O, 18O不穩定同位素
12O, 13O, 14O, 15O, 19O, 20O, 21O, 22O, 23O, 24O, 25O, 26O, 27O, 28O