金
79
Au
族
11
週期
6
區
d
個質子
電子
個中子
79
79
118
一般屬性
原子序數
79
標準原子質量
196.966569
品質編號
197
類別
過渡金屬
顏色
金色
放射性
否
拉丁文“黃金”
晶體結構
面居中立方
歷史
Gold has been known since prehistoric times and was the first metal used by humans.
Gold artifacts dated to 5000 years ago have been found in Egyptian tombs.
Gold of 98% purity has been found in Nahal Qunah in the ancient kingdom of Israel, dating from about 6000 years ago.
Gold artifacts dated to 5000 years ago have been found in Egyptian tombs.
Gold of 98% purity has been found in Nahal Qunah in the ancient kingdom of Israel, dating from about 6000 years ago.
每個外殼的電子
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
電子排布
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
India is the world's largest single consumer of gold
物理性質
物態
固體
密度
19.282 g/cm3
熔點
1337.35 K | 1064.2 °C | 1947.56 °F
沸點
3129.15 K | 2856 °C | 5172.8 °F
熔化熱
12.5 kJ/mol
汽化熱
330 kJ/mol
比熱容
0.129 J/g·K
地殼豐度
3.1×10-7%
宇宙豐度
6×10-8%
圖片來源: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Synthetic made gold crystals by the chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS 編號
7440-57-5
Pubchem CID 編號
23985
原子性質
原子半徑
144 pm
共價半徑
136 pm
電負性
2.54 (鲍林标度)
電離電位
9.2255 eV
原子體積
10.2 cm3/mol
熱導率
3.17 W/cm·K
氧化態
-1, 1, 2, 3, 5
應用
Gold is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems in many countries.
It is also extensively used for jewelry, decoration, dental work, and for plating.
Gold is used widely in microelectronic circuits to ensure reliable, corrosion-resistant and static-free performance.
Gold leaf, flake or dust is used in some gourmet foods as decorative ingredient.
It is also extensively used for jewelry, decoration, dental work, and for plating.
Gold is used widely in microelectronic circuits to ensure reliable, corrosion-resistant and static-free performance.
Gold leaf, flake or dust is used in some gourmet foods as decorative ingredient.
Gold is considered to be non-toxic
同位素
穩定同位素
197Au不穩定同位素
169Au, 170Au, 171Au, 172Au, 173Au, 174Au, 175Au, 176Au, 177Au, 178Au, 179Au, 180Au, 181Au, 182Au, 183Au, 184Au, 185Au, 186Au, 187Au, 188Au, 189Au, 190Au, 191Au, 192Au, 193Au, 194Au, 195Au, 196Au, 198Au, 199Au, 200Au, 201Au, 202Au, 203Au, 204Au, 205Au